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Владивосток — город, ц. Приморского края. Основан в 1860 г. как воен. пост Владивосток. Название от владеть и Восток образовано по модели появившегося в конце XVIII в. названия крепости Владикавказ. Географические названия мира: Топонимический словарь. М: АСТ … Географическая энциклопедия
ВЛАДИВОСТОК — ВЛАДИВОСТОК, город (с 1880), центр Приморского края, порт на Тихом океане, в бухте Золотой Рог и вдоль восточного побережья Амурского залива. Конечный пункт Транссибирской ж. д. магистрали. 618,6 тыс. жителей (1998). Машиностроение, в т. ч.… … Русская история
Владивосток — крупный промышленный и культурный центр на Дальнем Востоке. Среди ведущих отраслей городской промышленности: машиностроение, в том… … Города мира
Владивосток — Владивосток. Панорама города. ВЛАДИВОСТОК, город (с 1880), центр Приморского края, в России. 648 тысяч жителей. Порт на Тихом океане, в бухте Золотой Рог. Конечный пункт Транссибирской железнодорожной магистрали. Аэропорт. Машиностроение… … Иллюстрированный энциклопедический словарь
ВЛАДИВОСТОК — ВЛАДИВОСТОК, город (с 1880), центр Приморского края, в России. 648 тысяч жителей. Порт на Тихом океане, в бухте Золотой Рог. Конечный пункт Транссибирской железнодорожной магистрали. Аэропорт. Машиностроение (судостроение и судоремонт,… … Современная энциклопедия
владивосток — приморская твердыня, город нашенский, столица приморья Словарь русских синонимов. владивосток сущ., кол во синонимов: 5 • город (2765) • … Словарь синонимов
Владивосток — военный порт и областной город Приморской области,расположен на южной оконечности полуострова Муравьев Амурский, под 43 … Энциклопедия Брокгауза и Ефрона
Владивосток — У этого термина существуют и другие значения, см. Владивосток (значения). Город Владивосток … Википедия
Владивосток — город, центр Приморского края РСФСР. Первый по численности населения город Дальнего Востока (441 тыс. жителей в 1970; 206 тыс. жителей в 1939). Конечный пункт Сибирской железнодорожной магистрали. Крупный порт на Тихом океане (см.… … Большая советская энциклопедия
Владивосток — город (с 1880) в России, центр Приморского края, порт на Тихом океане, в бухте Золотой Рог и вдоль восточного побережья Амурского залива. Конечный пункт Транссибирской железнодорожной магистрали. 618,6 тыс. жителей (1998). Машиностроение, в том… … Энциклопедический словарь
ВЛАДИВОСТОК — город, центр Приморского края РСФСР. Расположен амфитеатром на склонах холмов юж. оконечности п ова Муравьева Амурского, вокруг бухты Золотой Рог и вдоль вост. берега Амурского зал. Крупнейший порт СССР на Тихом ок. Конечный пункт Транссибирской… … Советская историческая энциклопедия
Vladivostok
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Vladivostok, seaport and administrative centre of Primorsky kray (territory), extreme southeastern Russia. It is located around Zolotoy Rog (“Golden Horn Bay”) on the western side of a peninsula that separates Amur and Ussuri bays on the Sea of Japan. The town was founded in 1860 as a Russian military outpost and was named Vladivostok (variously interpreted as “Rule the East,” “Lord of the East,” or “Conqueror of the East”). Its forward position in the extreme south of the Russian Far East inevitably led to a major role as a port and naval base. In 1872 the main Russian naval base on the Pacific was transferred there, and thereafter Vladivostok began to grow. In 1880 city status was conferred on it. The city also grew in importance after the construction of the Chinese Eastern Railway across Manchuria to Chita (completed in 1903), which gave Vladivostok a more direct rail connection to the rest of the Russian Empire. Yet the city is detached from the major Far Eastern node of land transportation routes.
During World War I Vladivostok was the chief Pacific entry port for military supplies and railway equipment sent to Russia from the United States. After the outbreak of the Russian Revolution in 1917, Vladivostok was occupied in 1918 by foreign, mostly Japanese, troops, the last of whom were not withdrawn until 1922. The antirevolutionary forces in Vladivostok promptly collapsed, and Soviet power was established in the region.
During the Soviet period Vladivostok remained the home of the Pacific Fleet, which was greatly enlarged in the decades after World War II. Vladivostok’s military importance was such that it was closed to foreign shipping and other contacts from the late 1950s until the waning days of Soviet power in 1990. Its chief role as a commercial port subsequently reemerged, both as a link to other Russian ports of the Far East and as a port of entry for consumer goods from China, Japan, and other countries. The port is the eastern terminus of the Northern Sea Route along Russia’s Arctic seaboard from Murmansk and is the principal supply base for the Arctic ports east of Cape Chelyuskin.
The principal exports of Vladivostok are petroleum, coal, and grain, while clothing, consumer electronics, and automobiles are the main imports. Into the port also comes much of the catch or processed fish from other Russian Far Eastern ports for onward transmission to the rest of the country.
The industrial base of Vladivostok was much diversified during the Soviet period. In addition to large ship-repair yards, there are railway workshops and a plant for the manufacture of mining equipment. Light industry includes instrument and radio factories, timberworking enterprises (notably those producing furniture and veneer), a chinaware works, and manufacturers of pharmaceutical products. Food industries—principally the processing of fish and meat and flour milling—and the building industry (prefabricated building panels) are important. In the 1990s, in the post-Soviet period, most industry declined, with the exception of food processing. Mechanical engineering continues to be important. A railroad town, Vladivostok is the eastern terminus of the Trans-Siberian Railroad. The city also has an airport.
Vladivostok is the chief educational and cultural centre of the Russian Far East. It is the site of the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, the Far Eastern State University (founded 1920), and medical, art education, polytechnic, trade, and marine-engineering institutes. Students enrolled in institutes of higher education make up a significant proportion of the city’s total population. The city has theatres as well as a philharmonic society and symphony orchestra. There are also museums of local history and of the history of the Pacific Fleet. Pop. (2005 est.) 586,829.
The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica This article was most recently revised and updated by Adam Augustyn.
Vladivostok
Vladivostok is a port city in the Russian Far East. It is located on a peninsula, washed by the Sea of Japan. Vladivostok is the capital of Primorsky Krai. This contemporary city is changing rapidly: over the last few years, a number of unique constructions and institutions have appeared in Vladivostok, including Russky and Golden Horn bridges, a huge university campus, and the Primorsky Opera Theatre. The city hosts events of an international level, including the APEC summit, and the Eastern Economic Forum.
Leading Centre of Education and Science
The Primorsky Scientific Centre of the Far Eastern division of the Russian Academy of Sciences, dozens of institutions of higher education, R&D organizations, the Botanical Garden-Institute, and the largest and most modern university campus in Russia are all located here.
Gates to Asia
Vladivostok is 750 km away from Seoul, 1,335 km away from Beijing, and a little over 1,000 km away from Tokyo. Local travel agencies offer affordable flights, boat tours and cruises to Asian countries, including Thailand, Vietnam, and Singapore. If you wish to visit these and other countries, you need to ensure you arrange a visa at the embassy of the corresponding country beforehand.
Coastal City
Tourists are also offered unforgettable cruises around the picturesque coast of Vladivostok and the 50 nearby islands. There is a well-established infrastructure in the city for the rental of boats, motor boats, and SeaDoos. There are many clean and comfortable beaches and recreation camps in and around Vladivostok. Local restaurants and cafes offer a great variety of seafood and fish.
City of Parks
Parks are a favourite recreation spot for the locals and visitors of the city. Most of them are immersed in greenery, they are equipped with rides and attractions for visitors of all ages and offer a convenient infrastructure. Every park is equipped with a skating rink in winter. A number of cultural and entertainment events is held throughout the year: festivals, concerts, contests, and tournaments. Pokrovsky and Phantasia parks, Primorsky Safari Park, and the Botanical Garden-Institute are most popular among the locals.
Multiconfessional City
Orthodox Christianity has the largest number of followers in Vladivostok. There are also Jewish, Muslim, Protestant, Catholic, Baptist, and other religious communities in the city.
City of Animal Activists
Tiger Day has been held in Vladivostok since 2000. This is an environmental event when people dressed like tigers march along the central streets of the city. The main purpose of this annual initiative is to draw attention of society to the challenge of preserving the population of the Amur tiger (Siberian tiger) that inhabits the Primorsky and Khabarovsk areas.
What to See
Bird’s-Eye View of Vladivostok
The peak of Orlinoye Gnezdo is the highest point of the city, served by a cable railway – two wagons with a cable drive moving rails. Take the cable railway to enjoy the most beautiful view of Vladivostok.
Bridges of Vladivostok
Russky Bridge connects Russky Island with continental Vladivostok. The bridge is 324 metres high. This is the world’s longest bridge by length of span (1,104 metres). This is the present-day symbol of Vladivostok. Golden Bridge is 1,388 metres long and stretching across Golden Horn Bay with its unique V-shaped towers is just as grand.
Golden Horn Bay
The picturesque bay where Vladivostok lies is one of the most beautiful places in the city, offering magnificent views. It is a convenient for mooring vessels. The rocky and bluff shores of the bay were levelled and equipped with mooring berths, docks, and piers.
Vladivostok Fortress
The fortress constructed in Vladivostok at the end of the 19th/early 20th century – is one of the most popular tourist destinations in the city. Structures with a complex system of labyrinths, underground passes, deep tunnels, and casemates are open for visitors.
Primorsky Aquarium
This is a magnificent construction, shaped like a clamshell (35,000 sq. m) on Russky Island. The construction is scheduled to be finished in December 2015. The total volume of water will reach 25,000 tons. Over 500 species of sea and freshwater animals will be shown in the aquarium. A dolphinarium with a dolphin therapy department will be located in the same building.
Museum of Ancient Motor Vehicles
The exposition includes automobiles, motorcycles, and other machines developed between the 1920s and 1970s by Soviet and foreign engineers. There are over 50 exhibits in the collection. A library, a lecture hall, and a video library are available for motor vehicle lovers.
Near the City
Russky Island near Vladivostok (100 sq. km) is a recreation spot popular among locals and visitors of the city. It is especially popular for picnics, fishing, and diving. The island amazes with its fort constructions, picturesque forests, peaks, and bays. The multifunctional campus of Far-Eastern Federal University (the most modern in Russia), beaches and recreation camps offer everything you could possibly need to enjoy leisure here. To get to the island, you can take a ferry or use public transport that crosses Russky Bridge.
Egersheld Lighthouse, the main reference point at the entrance to the port of Vladivostok for over 100 years, is also well worth a visit. It is located on Tokarevskaya Koshka, the tip of a narrow marine sand bar. You can get there on a mini-cruiser, a barge, or on foot.
Vladivostok city, Russia
Vladivostok is a large city and seaport located in the Far East of Russia; political, cultural, scientific, educational, and economic center of the region; the administrative center of Primorsky Krai and the Far Eastern Federal District.
Vladivostok city flag
Vladivostok city coat of arms
Vladivostok city map, Russia
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History of Vladivostok
Foundation of Vladivostok
In the distant past, the territory of today’s Vladivostok was part of the multi-ethnic kingdom of Balhae (698-926). At the beginning of the 13th century, on the territory of Primorye, there were several towns of the Jurchen kingdom of Eastern Xia. All of them were destroyed by the Mongols as a result of the attack of 1233, after which the territory fell into desolation.
From the standpoint of official Russian historiography, until the appearance of the Russian pioneers, this region remained untouched and forgotten, which was partly facilitated by the policy of self-isolation pursued in China and Korea in the 17th-19th centuries. However, this is not confirmed by the testimonies of the Russian pioneers themselves. For example, Erofei Khabarov (1603-1671) in his letters reported that “this land cannot be taken over, because it is crowded and the fighting is fierce.”
After the conclusion of the Aigun Treaty (1858), the Russians began to actively explore the Amur region, and as a result of the signing of the Tianjin (1858) and Peking (1860) treatises, the territory of today’s Primorsky Krai and Vladivostok was annexed to the Russian Empire.
In the summer of 1860, the first Russian military unit arrived in the Golden Horn Bay to establish a military post, which officially received the name of Vladivostok (“The Ruler of the East”), by analogy with the city of Vladikavkaz (“The Ruler of the Caucasus”).
In the 1890s, a demographic and economic boom took place in Vladivostok after the completion of the construction of the Ussuriysk branch of the Trans-Siberian Railway and the Chinese-Eastern Railway. According to the first census of the population of the Russian Empire of 1897, 28,993 people lived in Vladivostok. Ten years later, the city’s population tripled.
During the Russo-Japanese War (1904-1905), Vladivostok was shelled from the sea by Japanese ships. However, a detachment of cruisers based in the harbor of Vladivostok remained the only combat-ready formation of the Russian fleet in the Far East until the end of the war.
The first decade of the 20th century was characterized by a prolonged crisis in the development of Vladivostok, caused by a number of reasons: change of government focus to Port Arthur (today’s Dalian in China), the Boxer Rebellion in North China (1900-1901), the Russo-Japanese War (1904-1905), and finally the first Russian revolution (1905-1907).
A new stage in the development of Vladivostok began in 1907. The loss of Port Arthur again made Vladivostok the main port of the Russian Empire in the Pacific Ocean. Until 1914 (before the First World War), the city experienced rapid growth and became one of the economic centers of the Asia-Pacific region. The population of Vladivostok exceeded 100 thousand people. There were large Chinese, Korean and Japanese communities in the city.
During the First World War, Vladivostok was an important center for the import from allied and neutral countries of military-technical equipment for the Russian troops, as well as raw materials and equipment for industry.
Vladivostok from 1917 to World War II
In order to avoid a war with Japan, at the suggestion of the Soviet leadership, the Far Eastern Soviet Republic, a nominally independent state, was proclaimed on April 6, 1920. Most of the foreign troops left Vladivostok in 1920, apart from the Japanese forces. Diplomatic pressure, as well as domestic protests and huge expenses incurred by the Siberian Expedition, forced Japan to withdraw its troops from Primorye in October 1922. In November, 1922, the Far Eastern Soviet Republic was liquidated and became part of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic.
Vladivostok was in decline, the city’s population decreased to 106 thousand people. In 1923-1925, the Soviet government adopted a restoration plan, during which the commercial port resumed operation. The Far East avoided the period of war communism, destructive for the country’s economy, and immediately found itself in the situation of the New Economic Policy, which allowed, to a certain extent, a free market.
In the 1930s-1940s, Vladivostok was used as a transit point for prisoners and cargo for “Sevvostlag” (North-Eastern Corrective Labor Camps) of “Dalstroy” (Far North Construction Trust). The Vladivostok transit camp, where prisoners were brought from all over the Soviet Union, was located in the city. The poet Osip Mandelstam died here. The following famous people passed through it: future actor Georgy Zhzhonov, writers Varlam Shalamov and Yevgenia Ginzburg, academician Sergei Korolev, and hundreds of thousands of other political prisoners.
In 1939, the population of Vladivostok was about 206,000 people. During World War II, Vladivostok was the largest Lend-Lease center, handling imported cargo almost 4 times more than Murmansk and almost 5 times more than the Arkhangelsk group of ports.
Vladivostok after World War II
In 1959, after visiting the United States, Nikita Khrushchev again visited Vladivostok. Impressed by his visit to the US, Khrushchev put forward a slogan to make Vladivostok a better city than San Francisco. The result of this visit was the active housing construction of the 1960s, known among local residents as “Big Vladivostok”. In particular, a funicular and avenue of the 100th anniversary of Vladivostok were built. In 1968, the population of Vladivostok exceeded 400 thousand people.
In 1974, the 38th President of the United States, Gerald Ford, paid an official visit to Vladivostok to meet with Leonid Brezhnev, the General Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee. At the meeting, the sides signed a protocol to the Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty and the Treaty on the Limitation of Underground Nuclear Testing, which helped curb the arms race. In 1989, the population of the city was about 633 thousand people.
The collapse of the USSR greatly influenced the city’s economy. State defense enterprises were deprived of orders, which led to an increase in unemployment. The surviving fishing enterprises mainly switched to the export of fish and seafood to Japan. In the 1990s, Vladivostok became a center for illegal fishing, timber smuggling, and the resale of Japanese cars.
Due to the decline in living standards, the birth rate fell and migration to the European regions of Russia increased. However, Vladivostok retained the status of an important transport, industrial, commercial, and financial center of the region.
December 13, 2018, Vladivostok became the administrative center of the Far Eastern Federal District.
General views of Vladivostok
General view of Vladivostok
Author: Nikolay Kundyshev
Zolotoy Rog Bay in Vladivostok
Author: Alexey Yefremov
Author: Melnikov Vladimir
“Vladivostok” literally means “The Ruler of the East”, named by analogy with the Russian city of Vladikavkaz (“The Ruler of the Caucasus”). This city is also known as “The Pacific Gate of Russia” and “The Fishing Capital of Russia”. The coat of arms of Vladivostok, which repeats the historical coat of arms adopted in 1881, depicts the Amur tiger. Vladivostok City Day is celebrated in early July.
Vladivostok is a large economic center of the Far East with a diversified economy represented by developed manufacturing industries (mechanical engineering, shipbuilding, ship repair, food production, etc.), wholesale and retail trade, services, transport, and communications.
Its cargo and passenger port is a link between the Trans-Siberian Railway and the Pacific sea routes. The main export items are fish and seafood, timber, ferrous and non-ferrous metals. The main items of import are foodstuffs, medicines, clothing, footwear, household appliances, and used cars.
Vladivostok International Airport, one of the largest in the Far East, offers regular flights to Krasnoyarsk, Irkutsk, Novosibirsk, Moscow, Khabarovsk, Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, Krasnodar, and a number of other cities.
The federal highway A370 “Ussuri” connects the city with Khabarovsk. Vladivostok is the most motorized city in Russia per capita due to the availability of cheap used cars from Japan. The main type of public transport in Vladivostok are buses. There are also trolleybuses, trams, a funicular, sea boats, and ferries.
Besides cultural tourism, this city is a center of sea and recreational tourism. Tourists are also attracted to Vladivostok by the gambling zone “Primorye”. Most of the tourists come from China, the Republic of Korea, and Japan.
Main Attractions of Vladivostok
The Golden Bridge (across the Golden Horn Bay) is located in the very center of Vladivostok. It connects the city with remote districts and the federal highway. It has sidewalks for pedestrians, so here you can enjoy the beautiful views of the bay and the city. The length of the bridge is about 1,400 meters.
The Russky (Russian) Bridge (3,100 meters) connects the Nazimov Peninsula and the Novosilsky Cape on Russky (Russian) Island. The most beautiful views of this bridge can be seen from Orlinoye Gnezdo (Eagle’s Nest) hill, especially in the evening. This bridge is depicted on a 2,000 ruble note.
Tours along the cable-stayed bridges of Vladivostok is a popular entertainment for tourists, walks on both bridges are often included in sightseeing tours of the city. Groups usually leave from the center of Vladivostok to Russky Island, the duration of excursions is from 3 to 6 hours. Sea excursions depart daily from April to October from berth #30 (Marine Passenger Terminal for Coastal Communications, Nizhneportovaya Street, 1d).
Russky Island. This island is located in the Peter the Great Bay of the Sea of Japan south of Vladivostok. Here you can find the campus of the Far Eastern Federal University, a promenade, a huge Primorsky Oceanarium, fortifications of the Vladivostok fortress (primarily the Voroshilov battery). But its main attraction is pristine nature, stunning views of the rocky shores and the ocean. In summer you can swim here.
Tsarevich Nicholas Triumphal Arch. It was erected in honor of the visit of the future Emperor Nicholas II to Vladivostok in 1891. The structure is an elegant brick and stone arch made in the Russian-Byzantine style. In the upper part there is an image of the patron saint of sailors, Nicholas the Wonderworker. The original arch was blown up as a symbol of tsarism in 1930. In 2003, the Triumphal Arch was rebuilt. Peter the Great Street, 6.
Тема Владивосток на английском языке: достопримечательности, рассказ о городе
Владивосток – Vladivostok [владивосток]
Россия – Russia [раша]
Город – city [сити]
Дальний Восток – Far East [фар ист]
Приморский край – Primorskiy region [приморский риджн]
Морской порт – sea port [си порт]
Экскурсия – excursion [экскуршн]
Обзорная экскурсия – sightseeing tour [сайтсин тур]
Водная экскурсия – water excursion [вотэ экскуршн]
Музей – museum [мьюзиум]
Театр – theater [сете]
Достопримечательность – sight [сайт]
Памятник – monument [моньюмэнт]
Набережная – embankment [эмбэнкмэнт]
Маяк – lighthouse [лайтхаус]
Крепость – fort [форт]
Мост – bridge [бридж]
Бухта – bay [бэй]
Море – sea [си]
Остров – island [айлэнд]
Парк – park [парк]
Гулять – to walk [ту вок]
Фотографировать – to make photo [ту мэйк фото]
Посещать – to visit [ту висит]
Полезные фразы:
Какие достопримечательности входят в эту экскурсию? What sights are included in the excursion?
Сколько стоит экскурсия? How much does the excursion cost?
Какова продолжительность экскурсии?
How long is the excursion?
Диалоги о Владивостоке на английском языке
– Я могу поехать на обзорную экскурсию по городу?
– Can I go to sightseeing tour around the city?
– Да. Цены экскурсии 1500 рублей. Вы сможете увидеть основные достопримечательности, центральную площадь города, маяк и подводную лодку.
– Yes. The price of excursion is 1500 rubles. You can see the main sights, city central square, lighthouse and submarine.
– А сколько времени длится экскурсия?
– And how long does this excursion take?
– Продолжительность около 3 часов.
– Duration is about 3 hours.
– Какие еще экскурсии вы можете посоветовать?
– What other excursions can you advise?
– Мы предлагаем вечернюю экскурсию. Вы сможете полюбоваться городом в вечернее время со смотровых площадок и прогуляться по набережной.
– We offer evening excursion. You can admire the city in the evening from viewpoints and walk along embankment.
– Во Владивостоке есть морские экскурсии?
– Are there some water excursions in Vladivostok?
– Конечно! Ты сможешь поплавать по морю на катере или яхте. Также можно заняться дайвингом или снорклингом.
– Certainly! You can swim in the sea on a boat or a yacht. Also you can go diving or snorkeling.
– А можно ли посетить какие-нибудь острова?
– And can I visit any islands?
– Да. Есть экскурсии на пляжи и на остров Русский, где можно посетить старый форт.
– Yes. There are some excursions to beaches and on the Russkiy island where you can visit old fort.