Chelyabinsk city, Russia
Chelyabinsk is one of the largest industrial, economic, cultural, and business centers of Russia, the administrative center of Chelyabinsk Oblast. This city is located on the geological border of the Urals and Siberia, in the Asian part of Russia, on the eastern slope of the Ural Mountains, on both banks of the Miass River, about 1,800 km east of Moscow.
Chelyabinsk city flag
Chelyabinsk city coat of arms
Chelyabinsk city map, Russia
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15 February, 2013 / Powerful explosion has happened in the sky over Chelyabinsk today morning. According to the officials, it was the result of a meteor rain. About 500 people sought medical attention mostly injured by fragments of broken glass. A bright flash was seen over the entire region, including Ekaterinburg and Tyumen. You can find more info in our blog post about Chelyabinsk meteorite explosion.
History of Chelyabinsk
Foundation of Chelyabinsk
In 1736, the fortress named Chelyaba (most likely, a Bashkir word) was founded on the Miass River. One of the reasons for the construction of this and several other fortresses located nearby was the threat of attacks of the Bashkirs on caravans with supplies. The fortress became part of the Ufa Province.
In 1748, the first stone church was laid in the fortress. In 1781, it received the status of a town called Chelyabinsk. In 1782, the coat of arms of Chelyabinsk was approved by decree of Empress Catherine II. A loaded camel depicted on it meant that trade routes passed through this town located in the Asian part of the Russian Empire. In 1795, the population of Chelyabinsk was about 2,700 people.
After 1892, the construction of the Trans-Siberian Railway continued further to the east of the country. In 1896, the further development of Chelyabinsk was facilitated by the commissioning of the branch of the Ural Mining Railway, which connected Chelyabinsk with Yekaterinburg. In just a few years, the town became one of the leaders in bread, butter, meat, and tea trade in the Russian Empire. Chelyabinsk was unofficially called “The Gateway to Siberia”.
Chelyabinsk in the first half of the 20th century
The armed rebellion of the Czechoslovak Corps after the events at the Chelyabinsk Railway Station on May 14, 1918 and the capture of the city on the night of May 26 to 27, 1918, led to its participation in the Civil War in Russia on the side of the Committee of Members of the Constituent Assembly and later on the side of A. V. Kolchak (one of the leaders of the White Armies opposing the Reds (Bolsheviks)). In July 1919, the Reds occupied Chelyabinsk and Bolshevik authorities began to form in the city. In 1923, the population of Chelyabinsk was about 54,300 people.
In 1937, there were discussions about renaming the city of Chelyabinsk in Kaganovichgrad in honor of Lazar Kaganovich, a Soviet politician and administrator. During the first Soviet five-year plans, Chelyabinsk became one of the largest industrial centers of the USSR. From the beginning of the 1930s, tractor, abrasive, ferroalloy, electrode, machine tool, and zinc plants began to operate. In 1939, the population of Chelyabinsk was about 273,000 people.
Chelyabinsk during the Second World War
During the Second World War, Chelyabinsk played a very important role as a production base. The population of the city grew rapidly from 270 to 650 thousand people. On the basis of more than 200 enterprises evacuated from the western regions of the USSR that merged with local industries, several giant plants were opened: the Chelyabinsk Forge and Press Plant, the Chelyabinsk Metallurgical Plant, and the Chelyabinsk Pipe Rolling Plant.
During the war years, about 220,000 people were sent from the front to Chelyabinsk for treatment, 78% of them returned to service after healing their wounds. In 1941-1944, the Kiev Medical Institute, evacuated from the capital of Ukraine, was training medical doctors in Chelyabinsk. In 1944, the Chelyabinsk Medical Institute was established on its basis.
Chelyabinsk in the second half of the 20th century and beyond
In the post-war period, Chelyabinsk became a supplier of equipment, machinery, and specialists for the reconstruction of Stalingrad, Donbass, DneproGES, and other industrial centers. In 1947, a new development plan was approved, which provided for multi-storey buildings in the city center and areas adjacent to industrial enterprises. This radically changed the panorama of Chelyabinsk.
On October 13, 1976, a millionth resident was born in Chelyabinsk. By 1980, its enterprises produced more than 50% of Soviet stainless steel, 20% of pipes, 30% of ferroalloys. At this time, the new building of the Chelyabinsk Drama Theater with 1,200 seats was opened, the Chelyabinsk Puppet Theater gained all-Russian fame. In 1986, Chelyabinsk celebrated its 250th anniversary. In honor of this, a geological museum, a chamber and organ music hall were opened.
The first half of the 1990s, after the collapse of the USSR and the transition to a market economy, was a difficult time for Chelyabinsk and its huge plants. From the second half of the 1990s, industry gradually resumed production, and a lot of plants entered the world market.
In 2004, the pedestrian street of Kirovka was opened. It has become a favorite place for walks of Chelyabinsk residents and guests of the city. In 2006, the new building of the State Historical Museum of the South Urals was opened. In 2009, the ice arena “Tractor” with a capacity of 7,500 spectators was built. In the 2010s, after the recession of the 1990s, construction and commissioning of new housing intensified.
On February 15, 2013, a large meteor with a diameter of about 17 meters and a mass of about 10 thousand tons entered the atmosphere in the vicinity of Chelyabinsk (the Chelyabinsk Meteor). Fortunately, it exploded in the sky relatively high above the city. However, 7,320 buildings were damaged and 1,613 people were wounded as a result. Its debris fell into Lake Chebarkul, from where the largest fragment was later raised and delivered to the Chelyabinsk Museum of Local Lore.
Chelyabinsk views
Winter in a residential area in Chelyabinsk
Author: Andrey Kalachev
Trinity Bridge in the center of Chelyabinsk
Author: Angelina Galimzyanova
Church of the Smolensk Icon of the Virgin near the Chelyabinsk Railway Station
Author: Aleksey Podbelsky
Chelyabinsk, one of the ten largest cities in Russia, is located almost in the center of the continent of Eurasia (about 1,400 km from its geographical center), east of the Ural Mountains, 216 km south of Yekaterinburg.
This city is located on the border of the Urals and Siberia. That is why it is also informally known as “The Gateway to Siberia”. At the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, after the construction of the Trans-Siberian Railway, a lot of travelers bought postcards at the railway station of Chelyabinsk and sent them around the world as evidence of their stay in Siberia. Leningrad Bridge connects the Ural and Siberian banks of the Miass River, thus it is a bridge from the Urals to Siberia.
On the coat of arms of Chelyabinsk you can see a loaded camel, as a sign that important trade routes passed through it, and a fortress wall showing that Chelyabinsk was founded as a fortress.
The climate of Chelyabinsk is temperate continental (transitional from temperate continental to sharply continental). Winters are long, moderately cold, and snowy. The average temperature in January is minus 14.1 degrees Celsius. Summers are moderately warm and dry. The average temperature in July is plus 19.3 degrees Celsius.
Due to the fact that Chelyabinsk is an industrial city with a large number of factories, the environmental situation in the city is poor. The level of air pollution is high. The city has an increased level for a number of diseases compared with the average for Russia.
Chelyabinsk is one of the largest industrial centers of Russia. The main industries are metallurgy, manufacture of finished metal products, engineering. Chelyabinsk Electrometallurgical Plant is the largest ferroalloy plant in Russia. Chelyabinsk Zinc Plant produces about 2% of the world and 60% of Russian zinc. Chelyabinsk Metallurgical Plant is the largest producer of stainless steel in Russia.
Main Attractions of Chelyabinsk
Also on this street there are shops, cafes, entertainment facilities, buildings of the early 20th century, and the business center “Chelyabinsk-City”.
Central Park of Culture and Rest named after Yury Gagarin. This park adjacent to the relict pine forest is the most beautiful park in Chelyabinsk with rides, sports grounds and playgrounds, a contact zoo, a summer movie theater. Fresh air, thick crowns of trees, blue expanse of ponds, comfort, and cleanliness attract residents and visitors of the city.
Chelyabinsk Zoo. On an area of 8 hectares, more than 130 species of animals live, of which more than 80 are listed in the Red Book including polar bears, Amur tigers, leopards. There is also a contact zoo on the territory, where children can also feed animals and play with them. Truda Street, 191.
Historical Museum of the Southern Urals. There are three permanent exhibitions dedicated to nature and ancient history, folklife, and history of the 20th century. The museum has old photographs, documents, books, paintings of the 18th-20th centuries, household items and clothing of Russians, nomads, and Tatar-Bashkir tribes, Zlatoust engravings, ancient coins, mineralogical collections, bones of extinct animals, and stuffed animals.
The museum also exhibits the largest (weighing half a ton) of the found fragments of the Chelyabinsk Meteor that exploded in the sky above the city at an altitude of about 15-25 km in 2013. Truda Street, 100.
Museum of Fine Arts. This museum has several thousand exhibits of Western European, Eastern, and Russian art. Here you can see the works of world-famous artists: Aivazovsky, Levitan, Shishkin. Also there is an interesting collection of icons of the 16th-19th centuries. Truda Street, 92a.
Museum of Arts and Crafts of the Urals. Here you can see the whole range of folk art crafts of the Southern Urals: products of the Zlatoust weapons factory, exhibits demonstrating the skill of local carvers and jewelers, hand-painted utensils, porcelain products of the South Ural factory, etc. Revolution Square, 1.
Chelyabinsk Railway Museum. The museum exposition is located in two places: in the building #63 on Tsvillinga Street, where more than 14 thousand exhibits are stored, and at the Chelyabinsk Railway Station (Zheleznodorozhnaya Street, 1/1), where you can see various railway equipment: steam locomotives, electric locomotives, modern trains, military trains, and special equipment. In the exhibition halls, you can see rails, station bells, old tickets, lights, signaling devices, and other items.
Monument to Kurchatov. Igor Kurchatov, the famous Soviet scientist and creator of the first atomic bomb in the USSR, was born in the town of Sim of Chelyabinsk Oblast in 1903. In 1986, in honor of the 250th anniversary of Chelyabinsk, the monument “Split Atom” was erected in his honor on Nauki (Science) Square. It consists of two vertical platforms 27 meters high, which symbolize an elementary particle, and the figure of Kurchatov standing in the middle. Lenina Avenue, 86.
Chelyabinsk city of Russia photos
Sights of Chelyabinsk
Palace of Pioneers and Schoolchildren in Chelyabinsk
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См. также в других словарях:
ЧЕЛЯБИНСК — ЧЕЛЯБИНСК, город (с 1743), центр Челябинской обл., на восточном склоне Южного Урала, на р. Миасс. Ж. д. узел. 1084,6 тыс. жителей (1998). Чёрная (металлургический комбинат, трубопрокатный завод) и цветная металлургия, машиностроение и… … Русская история
ЧЕЛЯБИНСК — город (с 1743) в Российской Федерации, административный центр Челябинской обл., на восточном склоне Юж. Урала, на р. Миасс. Железнодорожный узел. 1134 тыс. жителей (1993). Комбинаты: электрометаллургический, металлургический и др. ПО: абразивное … Большой Энциклопедический словарь
челябинск — сущ., кол во синонимов: 2 • город (2765) • танкоград (1) Словарь синонимов ASIS. В.Н. Тришин. 2013 … Словарь синонимов
челябинск-65 — сущ., кол во синонимов: 2 • город (2765) • озерск (5) Словарь синонимов ASIS. В.Н. Тришин. 2013 … Словарь синонимов
челябинск-70 — сущ., кол во синонимов: 2 • город (2765) • снежинск (3) Словарь синонимов ASIS. В.Н. Тришин. 2013 … Словарь синонимов
Челябинск — уездн. город Оренбургской губ., на обоих берегах р.Mиaca, начальный пункт Сибирской жел. дороги и линии в Екатеринбург.Жителей (1897 г.) 19891 (10222 мжн 9669 жнщ.); в 1902 г. число жителейпревысило 25 тыс. Домов до 1500; церквей 6; женский м рь … Энциклопедия Брокгауза и Ефрона
Челябинск-70 — Снежинск Географические названия мира: Топонимический словарь. М: АСТ. Поспелов Е.М. 2001 … Географическая энциклопедия
Челябинск-65 — Озерск Географические названия мира: Топонимический словарь. М: АСТ. Поспелов Е.М. 2001 … Географическая энциклопедия
Челябинск — ЧЕЛЯБИНСК, город (с 1743), центр Челябинской области, в России, на реке Миасс. 1143 тыс. жителей. Железнодорожный узел; аэропорт. Черная металлургия, машиностроение и металлообработка (тракторы, дорожные машины, приборы, часы и др.), химическая,… … Иллюстрированный энциклопедический словарь
Челябинск — Город Челябинск … Википедия
кто нибудь помогите, кинте текст на английском про город Челябинск
Fortress Chelyaba, from which the city takes its name, was constructed on the site in 1736; the city was incorporated in 1781. Around 1900, it served as a center for the construction of the Trans-Siberian Railway. According to official statistics the population on 1 January 1913 was 45,000 inhabitants. In the decades after the Finnish Civil War in 1918, some 15,000 «Red» Finns defected into the Soviet Union. Most of them were transferred to Chelyabinsk via railway. In 1938, during the great purges, most of them were executed. Their mass grave is located near the Zolonyi Gora’s former gold mine, and today bears a small memorial.
During the Soviet industrialization of the 1930s, Chelyabinsk experienced rapid growth. Several industrial establishments, including the Chelyabinsk Tractor Plant and the Chelyabinsk Metallurgical Plant, were built at this time. During World War II, Joseph Stalin decided to move a large part of Soviet factory production to places out of the way of the advancing German armies in late 1941. This brought new industries and thousands of workers to Chelyabinsk—still essentially a small city. Several enormous facilities for the production of T-34 tanks and Katyusha rocket launchers existed in Chelyabinsk, which became known as «Tankograd» (Tank City). Chelyabinsk was essentially built from scratch during this time. A small town existed before this, signs of which can be found in the centre of the city. The S.M. Kirov Factory no. 185 moved here from Leningrad to produce heavy tanks — it was transferred to Omsk after 1962.
Chelyabinsk has had a long association (since the 1940s) with top-secret nuclear research, though this is more properly applicable to Chelyabinsk Oblast as a whole, as nuclear facilities such as Chelyabinsk-70 (Snezhinsk) are, or were, located far outside the city. A serious nuclear accident occurred in 1957 at the Mayak nuclear fuel reprocessing plant, 150 km north-west of the city, which caused deaths in Chelyabinsk Oblast but not in the city. The province was closed to all foreigners until 1992.
Сочинение на английском Челябинск / Chelyabinsk
I live in Chelyabinsk. It is a city with over a million people in the Ural Federal district. It is the center of Chelyabinsk region. The coat of arms of our city depicts a camel.
Chelyabinsk is an industrial city. There are metallurgical enterprises and plants for the production of metal products, in particular a tube rolling plant.
Of course, we are proud of the economic achievements of our city. However, I believe that insufficient attention is paid to environmental issues. The air in our city is extremely polluted. We often see clouds of smog over the city. And the water quality is poor.
Due to environmental problems, many residents have health problems. The incidence of cancer is above the average. It’s very sad.
We have not so many green zones in our city. But there are beautiful lakes and the Shershnevskoe reservoir. The shores of water bodies are the favorite places of rest of the citizens. These are very picturesque places.
Another great place to walk is Kirov street. There are so many cute sculptures there: a fashionista in front of a mirror, a camel rider, a beggar and others. Also a great place for a family holiday is the Gagarin Park. It’s a pleasure to ride a bike among pine trees.
There are many museums in our city. Among them is a very modern and interesting Museum of Entertaining Science Experimentus.
I love my city. I have many friends and acquaintances here; there are many cozy places where I like to spend time. However, if the environmental situation does not improve, perhaps in the future I will leave here. After all, there are many good cities in the world. And I don’t want to breath in smog my entire life.
Я живу в Челябинске. Это город-миллионник в Уральском федеральном округе. Он является центром Челябинской области. На гербе нашего города изображен верблюд.
Конечно, мы гордимся экономическими достижениями нашего города. Однако я считаю, что недостаточно внимания уделяется вопросам защиты окружающей среды. В нашем городе чрезвычайно загрязненный воздух. Мы часто наблюдаем облака смога над городом. Да и качество воды оставляет желать лучшего.
Из-за экологических проблем у многих жителей города возникают проблемы со здоровьем. Здесь повышенный уровень заболеваемости онкологией. Это очень печально.
В нашем городе много музеев. Среди них очень современный и интересный Музей Занимательной Науки Экспериментус.
Я люблю свой город. У меня здесь много друзей и знакомых, много уютных мест, где я люблю проводить время. Тем не менее, если экологическая обстановка не улучшиться, возможно, в будущем я уеду отсюда. Ведь хороших городов много. А дышать всю жизнь смогом я не хочу.
Тема Челябинск на английском языке: достопримечательности, рассказ о городе
There are many things to see in Chelyabinsk city. – Много всего можно увидеть в городе Челябинск.
For instance, Gagarin Park. It is a peaceful park area in the centre of Chelyabinsk city. – Например, парк Гагарина. Это тихая парковая зона в центре города Челябинска.
You can walk across Kirovka Pedestrian Street. This street is popular among tourists because of the beauty of the architecture, cafes and bars, great food, and beautiful atmosphere. – Вы можете прогуляться по пешеходной улице Кировка. Она пользуется популярностью среди туристов из-за красоты архитектуры, кафе и баров, вкусной еды и красивой атмосферы.
There is a beautiful Uvildy Lake. It is often called “a pearl of the South Urals”. The lake is unusual as it has many islands. – Здесь есть красивое озеро Увильды. Его часто называют “жемчужиной Южного Урала”. Озеро необычное, так как он имеет много островов.
You can see many churches in Chelyabinsk such as Alexander Nevsky Church, Holy Trinity Church, Saint George Church, Roman-Catholic Church, Saint Catherine Church and others. – Вы можете увидеть много церквей в Челябинске таких как церковь Александра Невского, церковь Святой Троицы, церковь святого Георгия, Римско-католическая церковь, храм в честь святой Екатерины и много других.
There is a great number of monuments, memorials, and sculptures in Chelyabinsk. For instance, monument to Kurchatov, Monument to Orlenok, Sculpture of The Postman, Memorial to Law and Order Soldiers, Monument to Soldiers-Internationalists, Sculpture the Firefighter, Monument To New Way and a lot of others. – В Челябинске есть большое количество памятников, мемориалов и скульптур. Например, памятник Курчатову, памятник “Орлёнок”, памятник почтальону, мемориал солдатам правопорядка, памятник воинам-интернационалистам, скульптура пожарный, памятник «На новый путь» и много других.
Also you can find Eternal Flame in Tsvillinga street in Chelyabinsk. It was lit in 1965 after the people who did not return from World War 2. – Также вы можете найти Вечный огонь на улице Цвиллинга в Челябинске. Он был зажжен в 1965 году в честь людей, которые не вернулись из Второй мировой войны.
Other attractions are Ice Arena Traktor, a big and new hokey arena; Red Communar Steam Train, a bit of Soviet history for those who are interested in industrial works of art; Decoratory-Landscape Composition Sphere of Love and others. – Другие достопримечательности: ледовая арена “Трактор”, большая и новая для хокею; провоз «Красный коммунар», немного советской истории для тех, кто заинтересован в промышленных произведениях искусства; декоративно-ландшафтная композиция Сфера любви и другие.
Here you will find a wide range of entertainment like cinemas, theatres, restaurants, and cafes. Many bank offices are near the city centre and close to city highways. – Здесь вы найдете широкий спектр развлечений, как кино, театры, рестораны и кафе. Многие банковские офисы находятся в центре города и недалеко от городских магистралей.